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26.5–29.5 GHz, used for 5G bands in Japan, Korea, and the United States.First, you can perform a frequency-domain study of a cascaded cavity filter that covers two common wave bands for 5G communications: The tutorial model discussed here includes three separate studies. Thus, when a cavity filter undergoes a high power load or an extreme thermal environment, drift may occur, which makes it challenging to design such filters. The dissipation of heat leads to a rise in temperature, and a variation in temperature will cause materials to expand or contract. The conductivity of metals varies with temperature, which affects the losses in the device and dissipates heat. In the Thermostructural Effects on a Cavity Filter tutorial model, we demonstrate how multiphysics simulation can be used to analyze the resonant frequencies of a cavity filter design.Ĭavity filters are typically made out of both dielectric and metallic materials. What’s an engineer to do? RF, Thermal, and Stress Analysis of a Cavity Filter in COMSOL Multiphysics®

Laboratory experiments also tend to neglect these effects. Thermal analysis and stress deformation are important considerations for filter designs, but they are often left out of the conventional electromagnetics-driven design approach for this type of device. Variations in temperature can cause expansion and structural deformation of RF filters, affecting their performance, for example, in terms of their S-parameters. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.īecause 5G is a worldwide network, 5G structures and devices exist in areas that experience extreme environmental conditions, like sudden changes in temperature. 5G network infrastructure operates in newer and higher frequency bands than ever before, ranging from several GHz to tens of GHz, further exacerbating the need for optimized filter devices.Ī 5G tower near Hattstedt, Germany.

Filters are used to select the desired signals from a specific frequency band and reject the unwanted frequency components, which can interfere with performance. They require multiple frequency bands that can operate simultaneously through a single antenna, a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) system. Smartphones and other 5G devices need to be able to transmit and receive signals from a wide variety of sources. At right, the blog author at a visit to CERN in 2018. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Particle accelerators use RF cavities to accelerate charged particles by giving them an electrical impulse when they are injected into the cavity.Īt left, an RF cavity from a particle accelerator at CERN. They are also found in particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), which includes 16 RF cavities. There are many RF and microwave applications that feature RF cavities, including radar, microwave ovens, and (as we’ll discuss a bit later) cellphone stations. This is where multiphysics simulation comes into play. Engineers designing RF filters for 5G devices must be able to analyze how temperature variations and thermal stresses affect their performance. These filters, which are used to stop signal interference, can become subject to significant temperature variations resulting in structural deformation, especially in extreme environmental conditions. One of the key aspects of the new 5G infrastructure that supports these devices is RF filters. In mid to late 2020, hotly anticipated 5G-enabled smartphones began to roll out to the general public.